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@Override
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {
    try {
        //1、初始化eureka相关环境
        initEurekaEnvironment();
        //2、初始化eureka的serverContext
        initEurekaServerContext();

        ServletContext sc = event.getServletContext();
        sc.setAttribute(EurekaServerContext.class.getName(), serverContext);
    } catch (Throwable e) {
        logger.error("Cannot bootstrap eureka server :", e);
        throw new RuntimeException("Cannot bootstrap eureka server :", e);
    }
}

/**
     * Users can override to initialize the environment themselves.
     */
protected void initEurekaEnvironment() throws Exception {
    logger.info("Setting the eureka configuration..");

    AbstractConfiguration configInstance = ConfigurationManager.getConfigInstance();
    String dataCenter = configInstance.getString(EUREKA_DATACENTER);
    if (dataCenter == null) {
        logger.info("Eureka data center value eureka.datacenter is not set, defaulting to default");
        configInstance.setProperty(ARCHAIUS_DEPLOYMENT_DATACENTER, DEFAULT);
    } else {
        configInstance.setProperty(ARCHAIUS_DEPLOYMENT_DATACENTER, dataCenter);
    }
    String environment = configInstance.getString(EUREKA_ENVIRONMENT);
    if (environment == null) {
        configInstance.setProperty(ARCHAIUS_DEPLOYMENT_ENVIRONMENT, TEST);
        logger.info("Eureka environment value eureka.environment is not set, defaulting to test");
    }
}

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/**
 * init hook for server context. Override for custom logic.
 */
protected void initEurekaServerContext() throws Exception {
    // 1、加载eureka-server.properties的数据
    EurekaServerConfig eurekaServerConfig = new DefaultEurekaServerConfig();

    // For backward compatibility
    JsonXStream.getInstance().registerConverter(new V1AwareInstanceInfoConverter(), XStream.PRIORITY_VERY_HIGH);
    XmlXStream.getInstance().registerConverter(new V1AwareInstanceInfoConverter(), XStream.PRIORITY_VERY_HIGH);

    logger.info("Initializing the eureka client...");
    logger.info(eurekaServerConfig.getJsonCodecName());
    ServerCodecs serverCodecs = new DefaultServerCodecs(eurekaServerConfig);
    //2、初始化eureka server
    ApplicationInfoManager applicationInfoManager = null;

    if (eurekaClient == null) {
        EurekaInstanceConfig instanceConfig = isCloud(ConfigurationManager.getDeploymentContext())
                ? new CloudInstanceConfig()
                : new MyDataCenterInstanceConfig();
        
        applicationInfoManager = new ApplicationInfoManager(
                instanceConfig, new EurekaConfigBasedInstanceInfoProvider(instanceConfig).get());
        
        EurekaClientConfig eurekaClientConfig = new DefaultEurekaClientConfig();
        eurekaClient = new DiscoveryClient(applicationInfoManager, eurekaClientConfig);
    } else {
        applicationInfoManager = eurekaClient.getApplicationInfoManager();
    }
    //3、构造注册相关的组件
    PeerAwareInstanceRegistry registry;
    if (isAws(applicationInfoManager.getInfo())) {
        registry = new AwsInstanceRegistry(
                eurekaServerConfig,
                eurekaClient.getEurekaClientConfig(),
                serverCodecs,
                eurekaClient
        );
        awsBinder = new AwsBinderDelegate(eurekaServerConfig, eurekaClient.getEurekaClientConfig(), registry, applicationInfoManager);
        awsBinder.start();
    } else {
        registry = new PeerAwareInstanceRegistryImpl(
                eurekaServerConfig,
                eurekaClient.getEurekaClientConfig(),
                serverCodecs,
                eurekaClient
        );
    }
    //4、构造peer节点同步组件
    PeerEurekaNodes peerEurekaNodes = getPeerEurekaNodes(
            registry,
            eurekaServerConfig,
            eurekaClient.getEurekaClientConfig(),
            serverCodecs,
            applicationInfoManager
    );
    //5、完成上下文的创建
    serverContext = new DefaultEurekaServerContext(
            eurekaServerConfig,
            serverCodecs,
            registry,
            peerEurekaNodes,
            applicationInfoManager
    );

    EurekaServerContextHolder.initialize(serverContext);

    serverContext.initialize();
    logger.info("Initialized server context");
    //6、同步相邻节点的信息，从相邻eureka节点拷贝注册信息
    // Copy registry from neighboring eureka node
    int registryCount = registry.syncUp();
    registry.openForTraffic(applicationInfoManager, registryCount);
    //7、注册所有的监控统计项
    // Register all monitoring statistics.
    EurekaMonitors.registerAllStats();
}

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public class ExampleEurekaClient {

    private static ApplicationInfoManager applicationInfoManager;
    private static EurekaClient eurekaClient;

    private static synchronized ApplicationInfoManager initializeApplicationInfoManager(EurekaInstanceConfig instanceConfig) {
        if (applicationInfoManager == null) {
            InstanceInfo instanceInfo = new EurekaConfigBasedInstanceInfoProvider(instanceConfig).get();
            applicationInfoManager = new ApplicationInfoManager(instanceConfig, instanceInfo);
        }

        return applicationInfoManager;
    }

    private static synchronized EurekaClient initializeEurekaClient(ApplicationInfoManager applicationInfoManager, EurekaClientConfig clientConfig) {
        if (eurekaClient == null) {
            eurekaClient = new DiscoveryClient(applicationInfoManager, clientConfig);
        }

        return eurekaClient;
    }


    public void sendRequestToServiceUsingEureka(EurekaClient eurekaClient) {
        // initialize the client
        // this is the vip address for the example service to talk to as defined in conf/sample-eureka-service.properties
        String vipAddress = "sampleservice.mydomain.net";

        InstanceInfo nextServerInfo = null;
        try {
            nextServerInfo = eurekaClient.getNextServerFromEureka(vipAddress, false);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.err.println("Cannot get an instance of example service to talk to from eureka");
            System.exit(-1);
        }

        System.out.println("Found an instance of example service to talk to from eureka: "
                + nextServerInfo.getVIPAddress() + ":" + nextServerInfo.getPort());

        System.out.println("healthCheckUrl: " + nextServerInfo.getHealthCheckUrl());
        System.out.println("override: " + nextServerInfo.getOverriddenStatus());

        Socket s = new Socket();
        int serverPort = nextServerInfo.getPort();
        try {
            s.connect(new InetSocketAddress(nextServerInfo.getHostName(), serverPort));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.err.println("Could not connect to the server :"
                    + nextServerInfo.getHostName() + " at port " + serverPort);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.err.println("Could not connect to the server :"
                    + nextServerInfo.getHostName() + " at port " + serverPort + "due to Exception " + e);
        }
        try {
            String request = "FOO " + new Date();
            System.out.println("Connected to server. Sending a sample request: " + request);

            PrintStream out = new PrintStream(s.getOutputStream());
            out.println(request);

            System.out.println("Waiting for server response..");
            BufferedReader rd = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(s.getInputStream()));
            String str = rd.readLine();
            if (str != null) {
                System.out.println("Received response from server: " + str);
                System.out.println("Exiting the client. Demo over..");
            }
            rd.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ExampleEurekaClient sampleClient = new ExampleEurekaClient();

        // create the client
        ApplicationInfoManager applicationInfoManager = initializeApplicationInfoManager(new MyDataCenterInstanceConfig());
        EurekaClient client = initializeEurekaClient(applicationInfoManager, new DefaultEurekaClientConfig());

        // use the client
        sampleClient.sendRequestToServiceUsingEureka(client);


        // shutdown the client
        eurekaClient.shutdown();
    }
}

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public class ExampleEurekaService {

    private static ApplicationInfoManager applicationInfoManager;
    private static EurekaClient eurekaClient;

    private static synchronized ApplicationInfoManager initializeApplicationInfoManager(EurekaInstanceConfig instanceConfig) {
        if (applicationInfoManager == null) {
            InstanceInfo instanceInfo = new EurekaConfigBasedInstanceInfoProvider(instanceConfig).get();
            applicationInfoManager = new ApplicationInfoManager(instanceConfig, instanceInfo);
        }

        return applicationInfoManager;
    }

    private static synchronized EurekaClient initializeEurekaClient(ApplicationInfoManager applicationInfoManager, EurekaClientConfig clientConfig) {
        if (eurekaClient == null) {
            eurekaClient = new DiscoveryClient(applicationInfoManager, clientConfig);
        }

        return eurekaClient;
    }


    public static void main(String[] args) {

        DynamicPropertyFactory configInstance = com.netflix.config.DynamicPropertyFactory.getInstance();
        ApplicationInfoManager applicationInfoManager = initializeApplicationInfoManager(new MyDataCenterInstanceConfig());
        EurekaClient eurekaClient = initializeEurekaClient(applicationInfoManager, new DefaultEurekaClientConfig());

        ExampleServiceBase exampleServiceBase = new ExampleServiceBase(applicationInfoManager, eurekaClient, configInstance);
        try {
            exampleServiceBase.start();
        } finally {
            // the stop calls shutdown on eurekaClient
            exampleServiceBase.stop();
        }
    }
}

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ResponseCacheImpl(EurekaServerConfig serverConfig, ServerCodecs serverCodecs, AbstractInstanceRegistry registry) {
    this.serverConfig = serverConfig;
    this.serverCodecs = serverCodecs;
    this.shouldUseReadOnlyResponseCache = serverConfig.shouldUseReadOnlyResponseCache();
    this.registry = registry;

    long responseCacheUpdateIntervalMs = serverConfig.getResponseCacheUpdateIntervalMs();
    this.readWriteCacheMap =
            CacheBuilder.newBuilder().initialCapacity(serverConfig.getInitialCapacityOfResponseCache())
        	//过期时间
                    .expireAfterWrite(serverConfig.getResponseCacheAutoExpirationInSeconds(), TimeUnit.SECONDS)
        	//移除region相关的监听器
                    .removalListener(new RemovalListener<Key, Value>() {
                        @Override
                        public void onRemoval(RemovalNotification<Key, Value> notification) {
                            Key removedKey = notification.getKey();
                            if (removedKey.hasRegions()) {
                                Key cloneWithNoRegions = removedKey.cloneWithoutRegions();
                                regionSpecificKeys.remove(cloneWithNoRegions, removedKey);
                            }
                        }
                    })
        	//从注册表中获取注册信息
                    .build(new CacheLoader<Key, Value>() {
                        @Override
                        public Value load(Key key) throws Exception {
                            if (key.hasRegions()) {
                                Key cloneWithNoRegions = key.cloneWithoutRegions();
                                regionSpecificKeys.put(cloneWithNoRegions, key);
                            }
                            //
                            Value value = generatePayload(key);
                            return value;
                        }
                    });

    if (shouldUseReadOnlyResponseCache) {
        timer.schedule(getCacheUpdateTask(),
                new Date(((System.currentTimeMillis() / responseCacheUpdateIntervalMs) * responseCacheUpdateIntervalMs)
                        + responseCacheUpdateIntervalMs),
                responseCacheUpdateIntervalMs);
    }

    try {
        Monitors.registerObject(this);
    } catch (Throwable e) {
        logger.warn("Cannot register the JMX monitor for the InstanceRegistry", e);
    }
}
//定时从注册表更新readOnlyCacheMap
private TimerTask getCacheUpdateTask() {
    return new TimerTask() {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            logger.debug("Updating the client cache from response cache");
            for (Key key : readOnlyCacheMap.keySet()) {
                if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    logger.debug("Updating the client cache from response cache for key : {} {} {} {}",
                            key.getEntityType(), key.getName(), key.getVersion(), key.getType());
                }
                try {
                    CurrentRequestVersion.set(key.getVersion());
                    Value cacheValue = readWriteCacheMap.get(key);
                    Value currentCacheValue = readOnlyCacheMap.get(key);
                    //版本不一致时，更新
                    if (cacheValue != currentCacheValue) {
                        readOnlyCacheMap.put(key, cacheValue);
                    }
                } catch (Throwable th) {
                    logger.error("Error while updating the client cache from response cache for key {}", key.toStringCompact(), th);
                } finally {
                    CurrentRequestVersion.remove();
                }
            }
        }
    };
}

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public abstract class AbstractInstanceRegistry implements InstanceRegistry {
    //底层由一个队列实现
    //在注册表变更的时候，写入队列
    private ConcurrentLinkedQueue<RecentlyChangedItem> recentlyChangedQueue = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<RecentlyChangedItem>();
    //定时更新过期的增量注册表
    private TimerTask getDeltaRetentionTask() {
        return new TimerTask() {

            @Override
            public void run() {
                Iterator<RecentlyChangedItem> it = recentlyChangedQueue.iterator();
                while (it.hasNext()) {
                    if (it.next().getLastUpdateTime() <
                            System.currentTimeMillis() - serverConfig.getRetentionTimeInMSInDeltaQueue()) {
                        it.remove();
                    } else {
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }

        };
    }
}

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/**
     * Evicts everything in the instance registry that has expired, if expiry is enabled.
     *
     * @see com.netflix.eureka.lease.LeaseManager#evict()
     */
    @Override
    public void evict() {
        evict(0l);
    }

    public void evict(long additionalLeaseMs) {
        logger.debug("Running the evict task");

        if (!isLeaseExpirationEnabled()) {
            logger.debug("DS: lease expiration is currently disabled.");
            return;
        }

        // We collect first all expired items, to evict them in random order. For large eviction sets,
        // if we do not that, we might wipe out whole apps before self preservation kicks in. By randomizing it,
        // the impact should be evenly distributed across all applications.
        List<Lease<InstanceInfo>> expiredLeases = new ArrayList<>();
        for (Entry<String, Map<String, Lease<InstanceInfo>>> groupEntry : registry.entrySet()) {
            Map<String, Lease<InstanceInfo>> leaseMap = groupEntry.getValue();
            if (leaseMap != null) {
                for (Entry<String, Lease<InstanceInfo>> leaseEntry : leaseMap.entrySet()) {
                    Lease<InstanceInfo> lease = leaseEntry.getValue();
                    if (lease.isExpired(additionalLeaseMs) && lease.getHolder() != null) {
                        expiredLeases.add(lease);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        // To compensate for GC pauses or drifting local time, we need to use current registry size as a base for
        // triggering self-preservation. Without that we would wipe out full registry.
        int registrySize = (int) getLocalRegistrySize();
        int registrySizeThreshold = (int) (registrySize * serverConfig.getRenewalPercentThreshold());
        int evictionLimit = registrySize - registrySizeThreshold;
		//每次最多摘除15%的实例，因为renewalPercentThreshold默认值是0.85
        int toEvict = Math.min(expiredLeases.size(), evictionLimit);
        if (toEvict > 0) {
            logger.info("Evicting {} items (expired={}, evictionLimit={})", toEvict, expiredLeases.size(), evictionLimit);
			//使用随机算法，随机摘除故障实例
            Random random = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis());
            for (int i = 0; i < toEvict; i++) {
                // Pick a random item (Knuth shuffle algorithm)
                int next = i + random.nextInt(expiredLeases.size() - i);
                Collections.swap(expiredLeases, i, next);
                Lease<InstanceInfo> lease = expiredLeases.get(i);

                String appName = lease.getHolder().getAppName();
                String id = lease.getHolder().getId();
                EXPIRED.increment();
                logger.warn("DS: Registry: expired lease for {}/{}", appName, id);
                internalCancel(appName, id, false);
            }
        }
    }

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public class PeerEurekaNode {
    private final TaskDispatcher<String, ReplicationTask> batchingDispatcher;
    private final TaskDispatcher<String, ReplicationTask> nonBatchingDispatcher;
     public PeerEurekaNode(PeerAwareInstanceRegistry registry, String targetHost, String serviceUrl, HttpReplicationClient replicationClient, EurekaServerConfig config) {
        this(registry, targetHost, serviceUrl, replicationClient, config, BATCH_SIZE, MAX_BATCHING_DELAY_MS, RETRY_SLEEP_TIME_MS, SERVER_UNAVAILABLE_SLEEP_TIME_MS);
    }

    /* For testing */ PeerEurekaNode(PeerAwareInstanceRegistry registry, String targetHost, String serviceUrl,
                                     HttpReplicationClient replicationClient, EurekaServerConfig config,
                                     int batchSize, long maxBatchingDelayMs,
                                     long retrySleepTimeMs, long serverUnavailableSleepTimeMs) {
        this.registry = registry;
        this.targetHost = targetHost;
        this.replicationClient = replicationClient;

        this.serviceUrl = serviceUrl;
        this.config = config;
        this.maxProcessingDelayMs = config.getMaxTimeForReplication();

        String batcherName = getBatcherName();
        ReplicationTaskProcessor taskProcessor = new ReplicationTaskProcessor(targetHost, replicationClient);
        this.batchingDispatcher = TaskDispatchers.createBatchingTaskDispatcher(
                batcherName,
                config.getMaxElementsInPeerReplicationPool(),
                batchSize,
                config.getMaxThreadsForPeerReplication(),
                maxBatchingDelayMs,
                serverUnavailableSleepTimeMs,
                retrySleepTimeMs,
                taskProcessor
        );
        this.nonBatchingDispatcher = TaskDispatchers.createNonBatchingTaskDispatcher(
                targetHost,
                config.getMaxElementsInStatusReplicationPool(),
                config.getMaxThreadsForStatusReplication(),
                maxBatchingDelayMs,
                serverUnavailableSleepTimeMs,
                retrySleepTimeMs,
                taskProcessor
        );
    }

    /**
     * Sends the registration information of {@link InstanceInfo} receiving by
     * this node to the peer node represented by this class.
     *
     * @param info
     *            the instance information {@link InstanceInfo} of any instance
     *            that is send to this instance.
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public void register(final InstanceInfo info) throws Exception {
        long expiryTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + getLeaseRenewalOf(info);
        batchingDispatcher.process(
                taskId("register", info),
                new InstanceReplicationTask(targetHost, Action.Register, info, null, true) {
                    @Override
                    public EurekaHttpResponse<Void> execute() {
                        return replicationClient.register(info);
                    }
                },
                expiryTime
        );
    }
}

class AcceptorExecutor<ID, T> {
    
    private final BlockingQueue<TaskHolder<ID, T>> acceptorQueue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>();
    private final BlockingDeque<TaskHolder<ID, T>> reprocessQueue = new LinkedBlockingDeque<>();
    static class BatchWorkerRunnable<ID, T> extends WorkerRunnable<ID, T> {

        BatchWorkerRunnable(String workerName,
                            AtomicBoolean isShutdown,
                            TaskExecutorMetrics metrics,
                            TaskProcessor<T> processor,
                            AcceptorExecutor<ID, T> acceptorExecutor) {
            super(workerName, isShutdown, metrics, processor, acceptorExecutor);
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            try {
                while (!isShutdown.get()) {
                    List<TaskHolder<ID, T>> holders = getWork();
                    metrics.registerExpiryTimes(holders);

                    List<T> tasks = getTasksOf(holders);
                    ProcessingResult result = processor.process(tasks);
                    switch (result) {
                        case Success:
                            break;
                        case Congestion:
                        case TransientError:
                            taskDispatcher.reprocess(holders, result);
                            break;
                        case PermanentError:
                            logger.warn("Discarding {} tasks of {} due to permanent error", holders.size(), workerName);
                    }
                    metrics.registerTaskResult(result, tasks.size());
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                // Ignore
            } catch (Throwable e) {
                // Safe-guard, so we never exit this loop in an uncontrolled way.
                logger.warn("Discovery WorkerThread error", e);
            }
        }